You hear a lot about GMO's these days. What is the best way to avoid GMO's? Eat whole foods! What exactly is a GMO? Genetically modified foods have had foreign genes inserted into their genetic codes.
"Genes change every day by natural mutation and
recombination, creating new biological variations. Humans have been
exploiting this for centuries—shuffling genes in increasingly systematic
ways and using extensive crossing and artificial selection—to create
many combinations that would never otherwise have occurred. Just about
everything we eat is derived from livestock, crops, and micro-organisms
bred specifically to provide food. Humans have also redistributed genes
geographically: the soybean is native to Asia but is now grown
throughout the Americas, and the potato, native to the American
continent, is grown throughout the temperate world. DNA has never been
“static,” neither naturally nor at the hand of people.
Genetic modification is an extension of this. However,
unlike conventional breeding, in which new assortments of genes are
created more or less at random, it allows specific genes to be
identified, isolated, copied, and introduced into other organisms in
much more direct and controlled ways (see boxes). The most obvious
difference from conventional breeding is that genetic modification
allows us to transfer genes between species." Leighton@campden.co.uk
The average American’s diet relies heavily on corn, not so much
in its vegetable form, which is okay in moderation, but in its more toxic forms like high-fructose corn syrup, which
is found in a lot of the fake, processed foods available in your grocery store or restaurants. If you are vegan or vegetarian, you probably get soy in your diet as a protein substitute.
Potential benefits of genetically engineered food include:
- More nutritious food
- Tastier food
- Disease- and drought-resistant plants that require fewer environmental resources (water, fertilizer, etc.)
- Decreased use of pesticides
- Increased supply of food with reduced cost and longer shelf life
- Faster growing plants and animals
- Food with more desirable traits, such as potatoes that absorb less fat when fried
- Medicinal foods that could be used as vaccines or other medications
Potential risks include:
- Modified plants or animals may have genetic changes that are unexpected and harmful.
- Modified
organisms may interbreed with natural organisms and out-compete them,
leading to extinction of the original organism or to other unpredictable
environmental effects.
- Plants may be less resistant to some pests and more susceptible to others.
It is easy to see that there are perceivable benefits to genetically modifying our foods. It is less apparent to many that there can be a huge and detrimental impact upon our health by eating the same. So...what should we do?
- Remove processed foods from your diet and eat whole foods.
- Eat animal protein that is organic and naturally raised.
It’s virtually impossible to provide a
complete list of genetically modified food (GM food) in the United
States because there aren’t any laws for genetically modified crops!
Some estimates say as many as 30,000 different products on grocery store shelves are "modified." That's largely because many processed foods contain soy. Half of North America's soy crop is genetically engineered!
Rapeseed - Resistance to certain pesticides and improved
rapeseed cultivars to be free of erucic acid and glucosinolates.
Gluconsinolates, which were found in rapeseed meal leftover from
pressing, are toxic and had prevented the use of the meal in animal
feed. In Canada, where "double-zero" rapeseed was developed, the crop
was renamed "canola" (Canadian oil) to differentiate it from non-edible
rapeseed.
Honey - Honey
can be produced from GM crops. Some Canadian honey comes from bees
collecting nectar from GM canola plants. This has shut down exports of
Canadian honey to Europe.
Cotton - Resistant to certain pesticides - considered a food
because the oil can be consumed. The introduction of genetically
engineered cotton plants has had an unexpectedly effect on Chinese
agriculture. The so-called Bt cotton plants that produce a chemical that
kills the cotton bollworm have not only reduced the incidence of the
pest in cotton fields, but also in neighboring fields of corn, soybeans,
and other crops.
Rice - Genetically modified to contain high amounts of Vitamin
A. Rice containing human genes is to be grown in the US. Rather than
end up on dinner plates, the rice will make human proteins useful for
treating infant diarrhoea in the developing world.
Soybean - Genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides -
Soy foods including, soy beverages, tofu, soy oil, soy flour, lecithin.
Other products may include breads, pastries, snack foods, baked
products, fried products, edible oil products and special purpose foods.
Sugar cane - Made resistant to certain pesticides. A large
percentage of sweeteners used in processed food actually comes from
corn, not sugar cane or beets. Genetically modified sugar cane is
regarded so badly by consumers at the present time that it could not be
marketed successfully.
Tomatoes - Made for a longer shelf life and to prevent a substance that causes tomatoes to rot and degrade.
Corn - Resistant to certain pesticides - Corn oil, flour,
sugar or syrup. May include snack foods, baked goods, fried foods,
edible oil products, confectionery, special purpose foods, and soft
drinks.
Sweet corn - genetically modified to produces its own
insecticide. Officials from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
have said that thousands of tonnes of genetically engineered sweetcorn
have made their way into the human food supply chain, even though the
produce has been approved only for use in animal feed. Recently
Monsanto, a biotechnology food producer, said that about half of
the USA's sweetcorn acreage has been planted with genetically modified
seed this year.
Canola - Canola oil. May include edible oil products, fried foods, and baked products, snack foods.
Potatoes - (Atlantic, Russett Burbank, Russet Norkatah, and
Shepody) - May include snack foods, processed potato products and other
processed foods containing potatoes.
Flax - More and more food products contain flax oil
and seed because of their excellent nutritional properties. No
genetically modified flax is currently grown. An herbicide-resistant GM
flax was introduced in 2001, but was soon taken off the market because
European importers refused to buy it.
Papaya - The first virus resistant papayas were commercially
grown in Hawaii in 1999. Transgenic papayas now cover about one thousand
hectares, or three quarters of the total Hawaiian papaya crop.
Monsanto, donated technology to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore, for developing a papaya resistant to the ringspot virus in
India.
Squash - (yellow crookneck) - Some zucchini and yellow crookneck squash are also GM but they are not popular with farmers.
Red-hearted chicory - (radicchio) - Chicory (Cichorium intybus
var. foliosum) is popular in some regions as a salad green, especially
in France and Belgium. Scientists developed a genetically modified line
of chicory containing a gene that makes it male sterile, simply
facilitating the production of hybrid cultivars. Today there is no
genetically modified chicory on the market.
Cotton seed oil - Cottonseed oil and linters. Products may
include blended vegetable oils, fried foods, baked foods, snack foods,
edible oil products, and smallgoods casings.
Tobacco -The company Vector has a GMO tobacco being sold under
the brand of Quest® cigarettes in the U.S. It is engineered to produce
low or no nicotine.
Meat - Meat and dairy products usually come from animals that have eaten GM feed.
Peas - Genetically modified (GM) peas created immune responses
in mice, suggesting that they may also create serious allergic
reactions in people. The peas had been inserted with a gene from kidney
beans, which creates a protein that acts as a pesticide.
Vegetable Oil - Most generic vegetable oils and margarines
used in restaurants and in processed foods in North America are made
from soy, corn, canola, or cottonseed. Unless these oils specifically
say "Non-GMO" or "Organic," it is probably genetically modified.
Sugarbeets - May include any processed foods containing sugar.
Dairy Products - About 22 percent of cows in the U.S. are injected with recombinant (genetically modified) bovine growth hormone (rbGH).
Vitamins - Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is often made from corn,
vitamin E is usually made from soy. Vitamins A, B2, B6, and B12 may be
derived from GMOs as well as vitamin D and vitamin K may have "carriers"
derived from GM corn sources, such as starch, glucose, and
maltodextrin.
Sources
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2001.01119.x/full
http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/002432.htm
http://www.bmj.com/content/318/7183/581.short
http://archlinux.arch.ttu.edu/w/images/d/d8/Genetically_Modified_Foods.pdf
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/285/5426/384.short
http://promitheas.iacm.forth.gr/lm/?p=2463
~Cathy Sykora
